Author: Mark Ross

UK attorney and Director of Business Development at LawScribe, Inc.
www.law-scribe.com
mross@law-scribe.com

I read with interest the recent San Diego Bar Association Opinion on outsourcing and offshoring. Although it hasn’t attracted quite the press attention, or comment within the various legal offshoring and outsourcing blogs as did the 2006 New York State Bar Opinion, it clearly reinforces the same conclusion reached in the New York Opinion: outsourcing legal services is permitted if certain safeguards are ensured.

I have no intention of simply re-hashing the full text of the Opinion here in my blog – but refer you to the following link http://www.sdcba.org/ethics/ethicsopinion07-1.htm for the Opinion in all its glory.

The Opinion considered a hypothetical case where a California attorney was instructed to defend an intellectual property dispute. The attorney had limited experience in intellectual property litigation and contracted with an offshore legal services company in India to provide legal research, correspondence, and other services in connection with the case. The fees charged by the legal offshore service company were significantly lower than American lawyers would have charged for the same work. None of the Indian attorneys were licensed to practice in any US jurisdiction. The California attorney reviewed the work he received from the offshore company, signed all court submissions, and performed all communications with opposing counsel.

The question was raised: “Does an attorney assist in the unauthorized practice of law, in violation of California Rule of Professional Conduct 1-300, when he or she uses the services of an outsourcing firm to perform research and drafting services on behalf of a client?”

The Opinion then goes on to provide an overkill of analysis as to whether the work performed by the offshore legal service provider came within the definition of “the unauthorized practice of law”. I see no reason to delve into this any further other than to say that the unanimous conclusion was, “NO, the service provided by the offshore provider did not fall within the ‘practice of law’ as defined by the Rules of Professional Conduct”. If the offshore company had been providing legal services directly to the client then it would have been engaged in the unauthorized practice of law; but this was not the issue presented by this particular example. Here, the California attorney consistently exercised his own professional judgment and never allowed the work-product to reach the client without passing through his own review.

It is clear from the New York and San Diego Opinions that an attorney does not aid in the unauthorized practice of law if he retains both supervisory control and full responsibility for tasks that constitute the “practice of law”.

From a practical point of view, a much more valid issue for debate is whether an attorney is ethically obligated to inform his or her client of an arrangement with an outsourcing company. The Opinion indicates that the duty to inform the client is determined by the client’s reasonable expectation as to who will perform those services.

If the work to be performed by the outside service is within the client’s “reasonable expectation under the circumstances” that it will be performed by the attorney, the client must be informed when the service is “outsourced”. Conversely, if the work is not such that it is within the client’s reasonable expectation that it will be performed by the attorney, the attorney is not necessarily required to inform the client of the arrangement.

Unfortunately this seems to be an overly simplistic and static view of the attorney/client relationship and the ever changing world of legal support services. I concur that the drafting of motions and pleadings on a particular case comes within the current definition of what a client would have “reasonable expectations” would be performed by their instructed attorney. However, in the technologically advanced world we now live in, I doubt that most clients would be surprised to learn that their transcription, document coding, and other litigation support services were being outsourced. If this is true, then surely “reasonable expectation” that the work should be performed by the attorney becomes a moot point.

Also, the Opinion only really considers the here and the now. A client’s “reasonable expectations” are not static, immovable, and unchanging over time. The legal industry now operates in a global marketplace and clients are evermore sophisticated and accepting of the concept of globalization. A client’s reasonable expectations today will be vastly different tomorrow. Within a very short period of time I believe that this argument will become redundant. Soon, a client’s only “reasonable expectation” will be that the quality and confidentiality of the work-product is maintained by whoever completes it, wherever he or she may be. In fact, I would go as far to say that we are not far from the day when a client’s reasonable expectations will be that work-product should be outsourced to the most efficient and cost-effective provider!

The Opinion went on to consider, from a practical standpoint, the checks and balances that an attorney should bring into play before contracting with an offshore legal service provider. These points make for some informative reading, although they are of course really only basic common sense.

The general duty of competence requires attorneys to evaluate the quality and reliability of the company providing offshore/outsourced legal services. The extent of that evaluation depends on the facts of each case. This is where the Opinion provides a practical insight into what attorneys should be looking at before blindly offshoring their legal work. The following is a non-exhaustive checklist you should follow to ensure compliance with the duty of competence.

(a) Due diligence: Investigate pertinent background information about the offshore legal service provider company;

(b) Be aware of the qualifications of the individuals who will perform the work;

(c) Obtain references of the company or individuals assigned to perform the work;

(d) Always interview the company in advance;

(e) Request a sample of the work product that is comparable to your project;

(f) Communicate with the non-lawyer during the assignment to ensure that the non-lawyer understands the assignment and is executing it to your expectations;

(g) Review ethical standards with the individuals who will perform the work and incorporate the ethical standards into the terms of the contract with the company.

An additional duty of an attorney who outsources work is to “maintain inviolate the confidence, and at every peril to himself or herself, to preserve the secrets, of his or her client.” See Business & Professions Code section 6068(e). This is especially important as the legal and ethical standards applicable to foreign lawyers may differ from those applicable to domestic lawyers, particularly with respect to client confidentiality, the attorney-client privilege, and conflicts of interests.

The Opinion comments on one unfortunate example of a breach of confidentiality involving an outsourced project subcontracted to India. There, the subcontractor threatened to post confidential patient records on the Internet unless the UC San Francisco Medical Center retrieved money owed to the subcontractor from a middleman. (David Lazarus, Looking Offshore: Outsourced UCSF notes highlight privacy risk. How one offshore worker sent tremor through medical system, S.F. Chron., March 28, 2004.)

Attorneys need to carry out their own research into the confidentiality and security safeguards that the legal services offshoring company they are contemplating contracting with, has in place. See here for details on how LawScribe deals with these crucial concerns.

The Opinion concludes that although permitted outsourcing in no way dilutes the attorney’s professional responsibilities to his or her client. California attorneys may satisfy their obligations to their clients in contracting with offshore legal service providers, but only if they have sufficient knowledge to supervise the outsourced work properly. It is crucial that they also make sure outsourcing does not compromise their other duties to their clients.

The legal outsourcing phenomenon shows no signs of slowing down and I’m sure we can expect to receive more of the same from other State Bar Associations over the coming months.

Legal Opinions: The Impact of the Tribar Committee’s New Report on Legal Opinion Practice

We Offer Student Survey Opportunities.
Where Student Opinion Counts.

Make sure that they know you are serious, did you know that the first step to getting a settlement is right in this book?

Drafting Legal Opinion Letters

Legal Opinion Letters Formbook 2nd ed

Stop! Join The #1 Get Paid For Your Opinion Affiliate Program! Highest Converting Site Online!! Get Paid To Take Surveys Online.
PaidSurveysOnline – Highest Converting Paid Opinion Site Since 2002!

Product Description
<p>The demand for legal opinions is growing while the ground rules keep changing. Keep abreast of the latest developments with the third edition of <b>Legal Opinion Letters</b>. This unique guide covers all aspects – drafting, requesting, receiving, interpreting and evaluating – of both client and third-party legal opinion letters. </p> <p><b>Legal Opinion Letters</b> provides comprehensive coverage not only of the standard corporate and se… More >>

Legal Opinion Letters: A Comprehensive Guide to Opinion Letter Practice, Third Edition

One of the most important components of any TIC investment is the TIC: attorney opinion letter. Most PPMs of securitized TICs will, or at least should, include the TIC: attorney opinion letter, and so it is something that all investors and potential investors should be aware and understanding of.

What it is

The TIC: attorney opinion letter is used in particular situations. Occasionally, TIC interests are treated as real estate rather than as securities, and in this situation a TIC: attorney opinion letter can be used.

Sponsors here obtain legal opinions from their own law firms, stating that the TIC interests they are selling are interests in real estate, rather than securities. The client can then use this opinion and rely on it, and can even seek to obtain damages from the party that gave the opinion if any of it proves to be false or if the opinion turns out to be incorrect in some way.

TIC promoters and investors in TICs should exercise all the caution and prudence that they can, in order to best protect themselves and also to ensure that the entire process goes through as smoothly as possible. There are many ways that one can do this, one being that if the Master Lease arrangement should be used to avoid the prohibition on the use of a single name.

In this and similar cases, a TIC: attorney opinion letter should be obtained in order to negate any possible tax penalties.

Pros and Cons

In general, it is important to be aware of the pros and cons of something before going through with it, and the same rule applies to the TIC financing option. There are a lot of different factors that one should consider when purchasing a TIC. Whether there have been any evictions on the property they are considering, how long the current TIC partners have been in place, and how many units are in the building, for instance, are all relevant and very important to take into consideration here.

Although they do hold many benefits, TICs are also quite risky, and are subject to changes in legislation that could offer a negative blow at any point. Because of this it is important for anyone even just considering investing in a TIC to make themselves more educated and to speak to a professional in this area so they can get help in deciding whether this is going to be a smart financial move for them or not.

An interesting book, certainly, and as it says invaluable, take a good look.

Product Description
Legal Opinion Letters Formbook is an invaluable resource when you need to render a legal opinion letter on topics from commercial transactions to real estate lending, intellectual property to insurance coverage, securities law to corporate status, and much more. This one-volume guide provides you with: – More than 60 comprehensive illustrative forms prepared by leading experts in their respective fields – Chapters written by 22 noted experts – Clear ex… More >>

Legal Opinion Letters Formbook, Second Edition

Now this is just plain, wrong, but the world is different even in the usa, right?

Pensions are an important portion of our assets. Commonly when couples register for a divorce, pensions are not included in the total assets. Pension can be a important portion of any person’s overall income but most people forget to include it while calculating the assets.

This debate has been running for long and couples have always been confused whether pension should be counted in the overall assets while filing a divorce. This looks to be a tough subject to many and you will find more of your questions answered here once you have read more.

The asset division in every divorce case may be different and it depends upon many factors. If you believe that it is the same in every legal case, then you may be wrong. There are a few regulations but then the final settlement may not be identical for different couples.

The pension divorce calculators can be employed to have an idea about how the pension must be divided among the two. It is then up to the court to make a decision on the final agreement about how the pension and other assets will be split.

Such a situation may at best be averted and you must make an arrangement yourself after taking the suggestions of your attorney.

In divorce cases, conflicts related to pensions may get complicated. So there is a requirement for a attorney to chip in to make an arrangement that is good for both the parties. As the couple can not reach an arrangement on their own, it is necessary to take help of an expert divorce and pension attorney.

You may finally decide on something that is suitable to you and your lawyer can aid you in every way to suggest something as per the pension divorce calculator.

In many cases, the wife does not demand the husband’s pension. But if she has done her homework and the lawyer is ready to ask for it, then she may get successful.